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A simulated flight environment for pilot training may soon
be made more
realistic through the use of eye-tracking
technology developed by
researchers at the University of
Toronto's Institute of Biomedical
Engineering (IMBE).
Many safety and cost benefits are obtained by
training
aircraft pilots under simulated conditions, but to be effective
the simulation must be convicingly realistic. At present, th e
training
facilities use large domes and gimballed projectors, or
an array of video
screens, to display computer-generated images.
But these installations are
very expensive and image resolution
is low. Further, it would take an
enormous amount of addi to
improve image quality significantly throughout
the whole viewed
scene.
However, based on the visual properties of
the eye,
realism can be obtained by providing a high-resolution 'area of
interest' insert within a large, low-resolution field of view.
If the
image-generating computer 'knows' where the pilot's
fixation is, it mage
there.
The technology to make this possible was developed by a
research team headed by Professor Richard Frecker and Professor
Moshe
Eizenman. The work was carried out in collaboration with
CAE Electronics
Ltd. of Montreal with financial support from the
Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council of Canada.
Their eye-tracker can record and
analyze accurately up to
500 eye positions per second. The system works by
means of
capturing and processing the reflections of a low-level beam o f
invisible infra-red light shone onto the eye.
Multi-element arrays
capture the image of the eye and
digitize the information, which is then
processed in real time
by a fast, dedicated signal processing unit. The
difference in
position between the ligh tre of the pupil reveals the
instantaneous direction of gaze.
Developments by the IBME team have
significantly increased
the speed of signal processing in addition to
enhancing accuracy
of eye position estimates. Eizenman believes that "these
improvements make our eye-tracker very effective in monitoring
the large
G-force environment where the pilot tends to make
larger eye movements
because of contraints which exist on
movements of his head".
In a
new generation of aircraft simulators, under
development by CAE Electronics
Ltd. of Montreal, a head tracker
which tells the direction of the pilot's
head is mounted on top
of the helmet. The eye tracker is mounted on the
front of the
helmet, and is ll exactly where the pilot's eye is fixating.
Frecker said that "successful integration of our eye
tracker into
the novel helmet-mounted CAE flight simulator would
result in a new
generation of simulators that would likely
replace the current large domes
and cumbersome video display
units."
Initial tests of the integrated
system will be carried out
in collaboration with CAE Electronics at Williams
Air Force Base
in Arizona later this year.
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